No solution has been posted by the commenters, nor have I found a final fix on the web. But Windows Server 2012 R2 seems to be affected as well. Some users referring to Windows Server 2019 Terminal Server. There are other comments arrived to my German blog post that confirmed this error as well.

Server was already restarted last night and I also installed the offline version over it, without success. Then 'Adobe Webinstaller 21.7 (32 bit)' starts in the background and then the error message appears. Observed that the error appears when Acrobat Reader is closed. 'RdrServicesUpdater.exe – Application Error - The application could not be started correctly (0xc0000142). Since the Acrobat update on a terminal server, I keep getting the following error message: Here is the German comment from Chris, which I've translated: All commenters complaining about issues and error 0xc0000142 with Adobe Reader DC 21.007.20091. Meanwhile I got several feedbacks as comments on my German blog post, Adobe Acrobat (Reader) DC 21.007.20091. The affected administrator then pointed out that people in his company were still able using Adobe Acrobat instead of Adobe Reader. The usual measures like reinstalling, cleaning files would not have helped. Shortly after the release, I already got feedback on Facebook that Adobe Acrobat Reader DC 21.007.20091 could no longer be used because the program crashed immediately. I had only mentioned the update in a short post ( Adobe Acrobat (Reader) DC 21.007.20091). Basically, no administrator and user can bypass this update. The release notes list quite a few fixed bugs. The update to Adobe Acrobat (Reader) DC 21.007.20091 is supposed to patch vulnerabilities considered critical and important according to APSB21-55.

Security update to version DC 21.007.20091

Get adobe reader update for windows 7